Persistent Challenges of Interassay Variability in Transplant Viral Load Testing

Viral load testing in resource-limited settings.

Persistent Epstein-Barr viral load in Epstein-Barr viral naïve pediatric heart transplant recipients: Risk of late-onset post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease

AIM To examine the risk of late-onset post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in the presence of persisting high Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in EBV naïve pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients. METHODS A retrospective review of the medical records of the 145 pediatric HT recipients who had serial EBV viral load monitoring at our center was performed. We defined EBV naive patients...

Scale-up of Routine Viral Load Testing in Resource-Poor Settings: Current and Future Implementation Challenges

Despite immense progress in antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up, many people still lack access to basic standards of care, with our ability to meet the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 treatment targets for HIV/AIDS dependent on dramatic improvements in diagnostics. The World Health Organization recommends routine monitoring of ART effectiveness using viral load (VL) testin...

Ethical Challenges in Viral Marketing

Since the use of internet has been identified as a necessity in today’s world, businesses benefit from different aspects of this technology especially for marketing and advertisements so that the owners of businesses are searching for effective high speed and low costs ways of marketing such as viral marketing. Despite of its high efficiency and effectiveness, viral marketing creates various et...

Persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in cattle herds

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a significant pathogen associated with gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive diseases of cattle worldwide. It causes continuous economic losses to the cattle industry primarily due to decreased reproductive performance. The ability of virus to cross the placenta during early pregnancy can result in the birth of persistently infected (PI) calves. P...